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Silicon Valley: from orchards to AI.

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In the 1930s, the Santa Clara
Valley was mostly fruit orchards.

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At Stanford,

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professor Frederick Terman urged his
students to start companies nearby,

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instead of moving east.

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In 1939, two of them, Bill
Hewlett and Dave Packard,

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founded HP in a garage in Palo Alto.

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California now calls it the
birthplace of Silicon Valley.

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In 1951, Terman helped open
Stanford Industrial Park,

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leasing university land to tech companies.

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In 1956, Nobel laureate William Shockley
opened a transistor lab in Mountain View.

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A year later, eight of his engineers left
and founded Fairchild Semiconductor.

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Fairchild's silicon chips, and the companies
its people started, like Intel in 1968,

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gave the region its name: in January 1971,

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a trade newspaper series called
it Silicon Valley, U.S.A.

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Venture capital firms settled on Sand
Hill Road to fund the next wave.

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Apple was founded in 1976, and
at Xerox PARC in Palo Alto,

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researchers built the Alto,

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a computer with windows and a mouse
that inspired Apple's Macintosh.

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Netscape's 1995 stock market
debut started the dot-com boom.

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The crash of 2000 wiped out
many companies, but Google,

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founded in a Menlo Park
garage in 1998, kept growing.

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The valley also changed how
products are designed. IDEO,

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founded in Palo Alto in 1991, and
Stanford's d.school, founded in 2004,

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spread design thinking: start
with people's real needs.

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In 2007, the iPhone put the internet in
everyone's pocket. In 2022, ChatGPT,

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from San Francisco's OpenAI, started the
AI boom, and in October 2025, Nvidia,

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from Santa Clara, became the first
company worth five trillion dollars.

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From orchards to AI,

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Silicon Valley keeps reinventing itself
by building what people truly need.

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A Silicon Valley Design
Thinking Club production.